Information about the Japan Biodiversity Hotspot was developed using the book Hotspots Revisited, which cites:
Abe, H. 1994. A Pictorial Guide to the Mammals of Japan. Japan: Tokai University Press.
Anonymous. 2004. Climate of Japan. Online. Available: http://www.tuat.ac.jp/~sabo/lj/ljap1.htm. March 17, 2004.
BirdLife International. 2003. Saving Asia's Threatened Birds: A Guide for Government and Civil Society. Cambridge, U. K. Birdlife International.
Boufford, D.E. & Spongberg, S.A. 1983. Eastern Asian-eastern North American phytogeographical relationships: A history from the time of Linnaeus to the twentieth century. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70:423-439.
Expo'90 Foundation. International Cosmos Prize. Online. Available: http://www.expo-cosmos.or.jp/index.html. February 2, 2004.
Fitzhugh, W.W. & Dubreil, C.O. (Eds.). 2000. Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People. Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History. Seattle: Smithsonian Institution in association with University of Washington Press.
Hara, H. & Kanai, H. 1958. Distribution Maps of Flowering Plants in Japan, Part 1. Tokyo: Inoue Book Company.
Hara, H. 1959. An outline of the phytogeography of Japan. In H. Hara. & H. Kanai. (Eds.), Distribution Maps of Flowering Plants in Japan, Part 2. pp. 1-96. Tokyo: Inoue Book Company.
Ito, Y., Miyagi, K. & Ota, H. 2000. Imminent extinction crisis among the endemic species of the forests of Yanbaru, Okinawa, Japan. Oryx 34(4):305-316
Iwatsuki, K., Yamazaki, T., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (Eds.). 1993. Flora of Japan, Vol. IIIa: Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Sympetalae (a). Tokyo: Kodansha, Ltd.
Iwatsuki, K., Yamazaki, T., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (Eds.). 1995a. Flora of Japan, Vol. IIIb: Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Sympetalae (b). Tokyo: Kodansha, Ltd.
Iwatsuki, K., Yamazaki, T., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (Eds.). 1995b. Flora of Japan, Vol. I: Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. Tokyo: Kodansha, Ltd.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (Eds.). 2001. Flora of Japan, Vol. IIb: Angiospermae; Dicotyledonieae; Archichlamideae(b). Tokyo: Kodansha, Ltd.
Kitayama, K. 1991. Threatened endemic species of the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. Pac. Sci. Assoc. Inform. Bull. 43(3/4):9-10.
Kurosawa, R. & Askins, R. A. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds in deciduous forests in Japan. Conservation Biology 17: 695-707.
Li, H. L. 1971. Floristic Relationships between Eastern Asia and North America. Reprinted with a foreword from the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, Vol. 42, part 2, 1952.
Maeda N. & Matsui M. 1999. Frogs and Toads of Japan plus Salamander. Tokyo: Bun-Ichi Shuppan Co. Ltd.
Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T. 1984. The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Fish: Tokai University Press.
Matsuka, H. 2003. A List of the Butterflies from Japan. Online. Available: http://www02.so-net.ne.jp/~jamides/jplist/jplist-e.html.
Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan. 2004. Policies & Programs. National Strategy Of Japan On Biological Diversity. Section 3 Species and Genetic Diversity. Online. Available: http://www.env.go.jp/en/pol/nsj/nsj-p1s3.html. January 29, 2004.
Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan. 2004. State of Japan's Environment at a Glance: Natural Vegetation.Online. Available: http://www.env.go.jp/en/index.html. January 29, 2004.
Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan. 2004. State of Japan's Environment at a Glance: National Parks and Sanctuaries. Online. Available: http://www.env.go.jp/en/jeg/nps/pamph/index.html. January 29, 2004.
Mueller-Dombois, D. & Fosberg, F.R. 1998. Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Numata, M. 1974. The Flora and Vegetation of Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha, Ltd.
Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (In English). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Pietsch, T. W., Bogatov, V. V., Amaoka, K., Zhuravlev, Y. N., Barkalov, V. Y., Gage, S., Takahashi, H., Lelej, A. S., Storozhenko, S. Y., Minakawa, N., Bennett, D. J., Anderson, T. R., Ohara, M., Prozorova, L. A., Kuwahara, Y., Kholin, S. K., Yabe, M., Stevenson, D. E. & MacDonald, E. L. 2003. Biodiversity and biogeography of the islands of the Kuril Archipelago. Journal of Biogeography 30: 1297-1310.
Sibatini, A. 1990. Decline and conservation of butterflies in Japan. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera29: 305-315
Watanabe, S. 2004. Japanese View of Nature. Kankyou Kaigi, Spring 2004. Tokyo. Senden Kaigi, Ltd.
WBSJ. 1982. A Field Guide to the Birds of Japan. Tokyo: Wild Bird Society of Japan.
Wen, J. 1999. Evolution of eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunct pattern in flowering plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 30: 421–455.
Wikramanayake, E.D., Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C., Olson, D., Morrison, J., Lamoreux, J., McKnight, M. & Hedao, P. (Eds.). 2002. Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A Conservation Assessment. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.