Improve the ecological integrity of the deciduous dipterocarp forest ecosystem of Western Siem Pang, Cambodia, for two Critically Endangered birds, white-shouldered ibis (Pseudibis davisoni) and giant ibis (Thaumatibis gigantea), by clarifying the impact of different buffalo densities on ibis foraging microhabitats; introducing appropriate management regimes at selected water bodies; highlighting the conservation benefits of buffalo as a management tool; and building capacity among young Cambodian conservationists.