Conserve critical core populations of saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), the flagship mammal species of the Indo-Burma Hotspot, by measuring progress toward zero hunting and better targeting patrolling efforts at four sites in Lao PDR and Vietnam. Conduct genetic analysis of leeches as a cost-effective survey method for tropical forest vertebrates, and thereby significantly increase understanding of the distribution of saola and other threatened species of the Annamite Mountains.